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目的了解我国农村中老年妇女生殖保健的现状与存在的主要问题,为制定改善与提高农村中老年妇女的生殖健康水平的计划,构建新型农村生殖健康优质服务体系提供依据。方法根据我国东、中、西部不同经济社会发展和人口计划生育工作情况,选择有代表性的7个省,每个省选择1个农业县(区),每个县(区)采取整群随机抽样方法在确定的1个中心乡镇和1个一般乡镇中各选择2个行政村,以年龄在40~64周岁的妇女为调查对象,共调查3500名中老年妇女,获得3463份有效问卷。结果农村中老年妇女的总体文化水平低,近95%都是初中以下文化水平,健康知识与健康意识比较薄弱,平时每天清洗外阴的仅占48.0%,33.1%妇女不知道有围绝经期,患病率最高的是阴道炎(21.9%),进入围绝经期的2065名妇女,51.8%出现围绝经期综合症的症状,23.5%的妇女绝经后放置的宫内节育器没有取出。结论农村中老年妇女的生殖健康状况不理想,生殖系统疾病发生率较高,生殖保健服务还面临着许多问题,农村基层的计划生育与卫生服务人员应针对农村中老年妇女的状况,积极开展生殖健康的宣传教育与健康促进活动,提高农村中老年妇女的生殖保健水平。政府也应对农村中老年妇女的健康问题给予重视和关注。
Objective To understand the current situation and existing problems of reproductive health of rural middle and old aged women in our country and provide the basis for formulating the plan to improve and improve the reproductive health level of rural middle and old aged women and to establish a new type of rural reproductive health service system. Methods According to the different economic and social development and family planning work in the east, middle and west of China, seven representative provinces were selected. One agricultural county (district) was selected in each province. Each county (district) Sampling Method Two selected administrative villages were selected from 1 central township and 1 general township. A survey of 3,500 middle-aged and old-aged women aged 34-64 was conducted to obtain 3,463 valid questionnaires. Results The overall cultural level of middle-aged and elderly women in rural areas was low. Nearly 95% of them were below junior high school level, and their health knowledge and health awareness were relatively weak. Only 48.0% of the vulva patients were cleaned daily, and 33.1% of women did not know perimenopausal period. The highest rates were vaginitis (21.9%), 2065 women entering the peri-menopausal period, 51.8% with symptoms of perimenopausal syndrome, and 23.5% of women not having an IUD placed after menopause. Conclusion Reproductive health status is not satisfactory in middle-aged and elderly women in rural areas, and the incidence of reproductive system diseases is high. Reproductive health care services also face many problems. Family planning and health service personnel in rural areas should actively respond to the situation of middle- Healthy publicity and education and health promotion activities to raise the level of reproductive health of middle-aged and elderly women in rural areas. The government should also pay attention to the health problems of middle-aged and elderly women in rural areas.