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1999年 9月 3 0日 1 0 :3 5日本核燃料处理公司 ( JCO)的 3名工作人员在将约 1 6.6kg浓缩铀溶液直接倒入沉淀池内时引发临界事故。事故的核裂变总数为 2 .5× 1 0 1 8,释放出大量中子和 γ辐射 ,3名当事人都受到严重中子和 γ照射 ,表现出厌食、恶心、呕吐、腹泻等典型的急性辐射综合症。当天 1 5:0 0东海地方当局实施半径 3 50 m范围内 2 0 0人避迁撤离措施 ,1 0月 1日 6:0 0链式反应终止 ,1 0月 2日 1 8:3 0日本政府宣布解除对该地区的警戒。事故发生后日本有关部门和机构对事故处理、事故分析、应急监测、事故影响评价、公众沟通等方面做了大量工作。这次事故在国际核事故分级表上列为 4级 ,场外无明显放射性污染 ,临近公众受到轻微照射。本文介绍 JCO临界事故的事故序列、事故响应、事故监测和剂量估算。
September 30, 1999 1 0: 3 5 Three workers from Japan’s nuclear fuel handling company (JCO) caused a critical accident when about 6.66 kg of enriched uranium solution was directly poured into a settling tank. The total number of nuclear fissions in the accident was 2.5 × 1018, releasing large amounts of neutrons and gamma radiation. All three parties were exposed to severe neutron and gamma irradiation and showed typical acute radiation such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea Syndrome. On the day of the same day, local authorities in the East China Sea implemented 2 0 0 evacuation and evacuation measures within a radius of 50 m, 6: 0 on 1 January. The chain reaction was terminated. On January 2, 18:30, Japan The government announced the lifting of the war on the area. After the accident, the relevant departments and agencies in Japan have done a great deal of work in accident handling, accident analysis, emergency monitoring, accident impact assessment and public communication. The accident was classified as Level 4 on the International Classification of Nuclear Diseases, with no significant radioactive contamination off the scene and a slight exposure to the public. This article presents the accident sequence, incident response, incident monitoring, and dose estimation for JCO Critical Accidents.