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湿地水文情势制约着湿地环境的生物、物理和化学特征,从而影响到湿地类型分异、湿地生态系统的结构与功能。扎龙湿地是重要的国家级自然保护区,枯水年需要人为补水来维持水文情势。分析人为补水条件下扎龙湿地水文情势,为确定湿地生态补水机制和湿地生态系统的保护和恢复工作提供科学依据。本文选取1971年-1987年和2001年-2008年两个人为补水期,利用收集到的水文气象资料对扎龙湿地水循环要素特征和水量平衡进行计算分析。结果表明:在枯水年,人为补水量是扎龙湿地的重要水源。在自然和人为补水双重作用下,扎龙湿地蓄水量是增加的,有利于维持湿地生态系统平衡。此外,人为补水有利于湿地地下水位的回升和维持地表水位的相对稳定,对于植被的演替与恢复、鹤类种群的繁殖也有显著的作用。
The wetland hydrological situation restricts the biological, physical and chemical characteristics of the wetland environment, thus affecting the wetland type differentiation and wetland ecosystem structure and function. Zhalong Wetland is an important national nature reserve. In dry years, artificial water supply is needed to maintain the hydrological situation. This paper analyzes the hydrological situation of Zhalong wetland under man-made recharge and provides a scientific basis for determining the wetland ecological recharge mechanism and the protection and restoration of wetland ecosystems. In this paper, two artificial recharge periods from 1971 to 1987 and from 2001 to 2008 were selected to analyze the characteristics of water cycle elements and water balance in Zhalong wetland using the collected hydrological and meteorological data. The results showed that man-made recharge was an important source of water in Zhalong wetlands during the dry years. Under the dual action of natural and man-made water supply, the water storage capacity of Zhalong wetland is increased, which is in favor of maintaining the ecosystem balance of wetlands. In addition, artificial water recharge is conducive to wetland groundwater level rise and maintain the relative stability of surface water level, for the succession and restoration of vegetation, Crane population breeding also has a significant role.