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目的分析水泥尘肺的临床特点。方法回顾性分析2011—2013年在北京大学第三医院进行职业病诊断的197例接触水泥粉尘的病例资料特征,对病例的性别、诊断年龄、工龄和脱离粉尘接触时间、X射线胸片表现和肺功能改变等进行分析。结果 197例病例中,诊断为观察对象和水泥尘肺壹期的病例分别有65例和129例;观察对象的X射线胸片p和s形小阴影分别占84.6%和15.4%,水泥尘肺壹期病例的X射线胸片p、q和s小阴影分别占86.8%、7.8%和5.4%;观察对象和水泥尘肺壹期肺功能异常率分别为38.5%和48.1%。水泥尘肺壹期的女性病例诊断年龄比男性病例大(P<0.05),小阴影分布的肺区数比男性病例少(P<0.05)。水泥尘肺壹期病例肺功能异常率随年龄增加而升高(P<0.05)。结论水泥尘肺发病缓慢,女性发病年龄比男性晚,胸片改变相对较轻。
Objective To analyze the clinical features of cement pneumoconiosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the characteristics of 197 cases of cement dust contacted by the Third Hospital of Peking University from 2011 to 2013. The data of sex, age at diagnosis, length of service and dust exposure time, X-ray manifestations and lung Functional changes such as analysis. Results Among the 197 cases, 65 cases and 129 cases were diagnosed as one case of cement pneumoconiosis and one case of cement pneumoconiosis respectively. The small shadow of X-ray and X-ray of observation objects accounted for 84.6% and 15.4% respectively. X-ray chest X-ray films were 86.8%, 7.8% and 5.4% of the small shadows, respectively. The lung function abnormalities of the observation objects and one phase of cement pneumoconiosis were 38.5% and 48.1% respectively. The age of diagnosis of female pneumoconiosis was higher than that of male (P <0.05). The number of pulmonary areas in small shadow distribution was less than that of male (P <0.05). Pulmonary pneumoconiosis in the first phase of cement pneumoconiosis patients increased with age (P <0.05). Conclusion The incidence of cement pneumoconiosis is slow, and the age of onset of women is later than that of men. The change of chest radiograph is relatively mild.