获得性气管支气管狭窄是新生儿尤其早产儿气管插管或机械通气的严重并发症之一，病死率高。其临床表现和胸部Ｘ线平片改变无特异性，仅对诊断起提示作用。支气管镜和／或气管支气管造影能确定狭窄的部位和程度，具有确诊价值，并为治疗提供依据。治疗措施包括保守、内镜和外科治疗，其中气囊扩张是首选的治疗方法。 Acquired tracheobronchial stenosis is one of the serious complications of tracheal intubation or mechanical ventilation in newborns, especially premature infants, with a high case fatality rate. The clinical manifestations and chest X-ray films were nonspecific, suggesting only for diagnosis. Bronchoscopy and / or tracheal bronchography can determine the site and extent of stenosis, with a definitive value, and provide a basis for treatment. Treatments include conservative, endoscopic and surgical treatment, of which balloon dilatation is the preferred treatment.