将700~1000℃焙烧鸭蛋壳4h制备的氧化钙(CaO)固体碱催化剂用于大豆油与甲醇酯交换反应制备生物柴油,用XRD和N2-吸附对其进行了表征,研究了焙烧温度对催化剂结构及催化性能的影响,考察了反应温度、甲醇与大豆油摩尔比、催化剂用量和反应时间对生物柴油收率的影响。结果表明:以900℃焙烧鸭蛋壳制备的CaO固体碱为催化剂,在反应温度90℃、甲醇与大豆油摩尔比9∶1、催化剂用量3.0%(占大豆油质量)、正庚烷用量30.0%(占大豆油质量)和反应时间4h的条件下,生物柴油的收率可达99.1%。催化剂重复使用12次后,生物柴油的收率仍大于97%。说明CaO固体碱催化剂在大豆油与甲醇酯交换反应中具有良好的催化活性和重复使用性。 Calcium hydroxide (CaO) solid base catalyst prepared by calcining duck eggshell at 700-1000 ℃ for 4h was used to prepare biodiesel by transesterification of soybean oil and methanol. The catalyst was characterized by XRD and N2-adsorption. The effects of reaction temperature, molar ratio of methanol to soybean oil, catalyst amount and reaction time on the yield of biodiesel were investigated. The results showed that the optimum conditions were as follows: the molar ratio of methanol to soybean oil was 9:1, the amount of catalyst was 3.0% (accounting for the mass of soybean oil), the amount of n-heptane was 30.0% (Accounting for the quality of soybean oil) and the reaction time 4h, the yield of biodiesel can reach 99.1%. Biodiesel yields were still greater than 97% after the catalyst was reused 12 times. CaO solid base catalyst shows that the transesterification of soybean oil with methanol has good catalytic activity and reusability.