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目前慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重的诊断是基于临床表现的排除性诊断，缺少能够反映病理生理改变的生物标志物。近年来的影像学研究、特别是基于肺部CT的影像学研究发现了一些有望成为诊断指标的影像学特征，包括气道壁面积增加、气体滞留加重以及肺血管改变等。这些影像学特征是否可以作为影像学生物标志物用于慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重的诊断和鉴别诊断，值得进一步研究。“,”Currently, the diagnosis of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a diagnosis of exclusion based on clinical manifestations, because of the lack of biomarkers related to the underlying pathophysiological process.In recent years, chest imaging studies, particularly those with CT scanning, have revealed some potentially useful diagnostic features including increased airway wall area, air trapping and lung vascular changes.Whether these imaging features could be used as imaging biomarkers for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease needs further investigation.