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目的依据职业病危害作业分级的相关标准,对木质家具生产企业主要岗位进行职业病危害作业分级,为行业危害防护提供针对性建议。方法采用随机抽样的方法,以上海市35家木质家具生产企业作为调查对象,根据国家标准,开展职业病危害因素检测,对主要岗位的职业病危害程度进行分级。结果木质家具生产企业中打磨岗位为粉尘中度危害作业,开料、雕刻岗位为粉尘轻度危害作业;喷漆岗位为化学物重度危害作业,晾干或烘干及拼板涂胶岗位为化学物中度危害作业;开料、装配岗位为噪声极重危害作业,打磨岗位为噪声中度危害作业,雕刻、喷漆岗位为噪声轻度危害作业。结论木质家具行业存在发生尘肺病、职业中毒、噪声聋等职业病的风险。生产企业应加强防护设施的设置、个人防护用品配备及相应的管理措施,行业管理部门需制定职业卫生防护规范并加强监管。
Objective According to the relevant standards of occupational disease hazard classification, occupational disease hazard classification of main positions in wood furniture manufacturing enterprises is provided, which can provide pertinent suggestions for the industry hazard protection. Methods A random sampling method was used to survey 35 wooden furniture manufacturers in Shanghai. According to the national standards, occupational hazards were tested and the occupational hazards of the main posts were graded. Results Wood furniture manufacturing enterprises in the grinding position for the moderate dust hazard operations, opening, carving jobs for the dust mild hazard operations; spray paint jobs for the chemical hazards, drying or drying glue and glue jobs for the chemical Moderately Hazardous Operations; Opening and Assembling Positions Are Very Hazardous to Noise, Polishing Positions Are Moderately Hazardous to Noise, Engraving, Spray Painting Positions Are Mild Noise Hazardous Operations. Conclusion There is a risk of occupational diseases such as pneumoconiosis, occupational poisoning and noisy hearing in wooden furniture industry. Production enterprises should strengthen the setting of protective facilities, personal protective equipment and the corresponding management measures, industry management departments should develop occupational health protection norms and strengthen supervision.