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为了进一步明确小麦颖果发育和萌发过程中盾片的结构特征,以扬麦13为材料,采用超薄切片、显微和超微观察及Image-pro Plus软件图像分析等技术,研究了小麦盾片在颖果发育及萌发过程中的结构变化。结果表明,花后16d,颖果靠近胚乳的胚周缘细胞由外到内分别分化为盾片上皮细胞和盾片薄壁细胞。在颖果发育过程中,盾片上皮细胞形态由不规则形转变为细长形,数目逐渐增加,面积逐渐减小。盾片上皮细胞中淀粉粒不断降解,颈部盾片上皮细胞呈细长形,而底部细胞呈多边形和椭圆形。盾片薄壁细胞淀粉粒不断增多,体积变大。花后16~20d细胞液泡化,积累脂质体和植酸钙镁颗粒,细胞核中核染色质明显降解。在萌发过程中,盾片上皮细胞由不规则形和多边形向圆形转变,细胞的数目先减少后增加,面积先增加后呈减小趋势。薄壁细胞内淀粉体不断变形、塌陷并逐渐降解,蛋白体发生解体,而脂质体先降解而后又重新合成。由以上结果说明,小麦盾片具有吸收转运养分、贮藏养分及保护胚等功能。
In order to further clarify the structural characteristics of the scutellum during the development and germination of wheat caryopsis, we used the wheat variety Yangmai 13 as the material, and studied the effects of the wheat scutellaria barbarum with the techniques of ultra-thin section, microscopic and ultramicroscopic observation and Image-pro Plus software image analysis. Structural changes in the development and germination process of caryopsis. The results showed that on the 16th day after flowering, the cells in embryo periphery near the endosperm differentiated into scutellum epithelial cells and scutellum parenchyma cells from outside to inside. During the development of caryopsis, the morphology of scutellum epithelial cells changed from irregular shape to elongated shape, with the number gradually increasing and the area gradually decreasing. Starch tablets in the epithelial cells continue to degrade, the scutellar epithelial cells were slender, while the bottom cells were polygonal and oval. Scutellum parenchyma cell starch particles continue to increase, the volume becomes larger. At 16-20 days after flowering, the cells were vacuolized, and liposomes and phytin were accumulated. The nuclear chromatin in the nucleus was significantly degraded. In the process of germination, scutellum epithelial cells changed from irregular shape and polygon to circular shape, the number of cells decreased first and then increased, and the area increased first and then decreased. Amyloidosis in parenchymatous cells is continuously deformed, collapsed and gradually degraded, and the proteosomes disintegrate, whereas the liposomes are degraded and then resynthesized. From the above results, wheat scutellum has the function of absorbing transport nutrients, storage of nutrients and protect embryos.