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与外周血Ｔ细胞相比较，小肠粘膜上皮内淋巴细胞（ＩＥＬ）在很多方面均表现出其独特的性质，如：在定位方面显示出对上皮有特殊的亲嗜性；表达复杂的在型特征且大多缺乏Ｔ细胞标志；存在着独立于胸腺之外而分化成熟的细胞亚群；严格的回归限制性；具抑制粘膜超敏反应、细胞毒作用及分泌淋巴因子等多种功能等等。随着有关研究的不断深入，提示这群淋巴细胞与其他肠道粘膜相关淋巴组织构成一个复杂的免疫器官。在肠道免疫防御中起着重要作用。本文主要综述了近年有关ＩＥＬ的分布、表型特征、起源、回归及功能等方面的研究进展。
Small intestinal mucosal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) display in many ways their unique properties compared to peripheral blood T cells, such as: they show a specific tropism for epithelialization in terms of localization; complex in-shape features are expressed And most of the lack of T cell markers; there is independent of the thymus and differentiation of mature cell subpopulations; strict regression restriction; with inhibition of mucosal hypersensitivity, cytotoxicity and secretion of lymphokine and other functions and so on. With the deepening of relevant research, suggesting that these lymphocytes and other intestinal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue constitute a complex immune organ. Plays an important role in intestinal immune defense. This review summarizes recent research progress on IEL distribution, phenotypic characteristics, origin, regression and function.