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以黄登重力坝为例进行了振动台上坝体—库水系统动力模型试验,测得大坝自振频率和上游面动水压力。将试验结果与附加质量模型及基于欧拉公式的流固耦合有限元模型的计算结果相比较,发现流固耦合结果与试验结果吻合良好,而附加质量法夸大了库水对坝体结构的动力响应。在工程中应用附加质量模型时应对其结果进行折减,并基于坝体体型、坝前水深及高阶振型等因素的分析,给出了沿坝高的动态效应分布系数的推算方法。
Taking Huangdon gravity dam as an example, the dynamic model test of dam-reservoir-water system on shaking table was carried out and the natural frequency of dam and hydrodynamic pressure of upstream face were measured. The experimental results are compared with those of the additional mass model and the fluid-structure coupled FEM model based on the Eulerian formula. It is found that the results of the fluid-structure interaction are in good agreement with the experimental results, while the additional mass method exaggerates the dynamic of the dam structure response. When applying the additional mass model in engineering, the result should be reduced. Based on the analysis of the dam body shape, the depth of the dam and the high-order vibration mode, the calculation method of the dynamic effect distribution coefficient along the dam height is given.