中国公私观念的基本基调是公处于主导地位,被提倡。而私则处在次要地位,被贬抑。虽然私在多数时期里不被肯定,但是私的观念仍然一直客观的存在着。在中国历史的一些时期中,私被很好地肯定和倡导。清末民初便是其中一例。在清末民初自营谋利观的视野下,与私的观念被提倡相对应的是,自营和谋利的观念也被大力的倡导。这一时期的一些思想家分别在谋生和开明自营两个层面上阐述和提倡了自营谋利观。 The basic tone of China’s public-private concept is that the public is in a dominant position and is promoted. Private is secondary, derogatory. Although private is not recognized for most of the time, the concept of privacy still exists objectively. During certain periods in Chinese history, privately-held Buddhism was well affirmed and advocated. Late Qing Dynasty is one of them. From the perspective of self-employed profit-seeking concept in the late Qing dynasty and early Republic of China, correspondingly with the concept of selfishness, the concept of self-employment and profit-making has also been vigorously advocated. Some thinkers in this period elaborated and advocated the concept of self-employed profit-making on the two levels of making a living and enlightening themselves.