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《医学主题词表》(MeSH)的检索语言具有鲜明的个性。本文拟从MeSH的检索语言原理,应用及沿革诸方面探讨其理论与方法,特别是91年版MeSH做了重大的改变,充分显示了MeSH检索语言应用方面的灵活性与实用性。它的编制方式不拘泥于传统主题法;词汇控制手段根据实践检验由多元控制改为单纯控制;参照系统也适应词汇控制的需要大胆进行了简化。由于参照系统、范畴表及副主题词的设置在一定程度上赋予主题以族性功能,力图在主题法检索语言中融入分类因素等,形成了MeSH检索语言的显著特色。
The retrieval language of MeSH is distinctive. This paper intends to explore its theories and methods from the aspects of MeSH’s retrieval language, its application and its evolution. In particular, the 91-year version of MeSH has undergone major changes that fully demonstrate the flexibility and practicability of the MeSH retrieval language. Its method of compilation does not rigidly adhere to the traditional thematic method; the means of vocabularies control is changed from multivariate control to purely control according to the test of practice; and the reference system is also adapted to the need of vocabularies control. Due to the setting of reference system, category table and sub-topic, the theme of MeSH is given distinctive features to some extent by giving the theme the function of ethnicity and trying to incorporate the classification factors into the topic-based search language.