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宋代私家撰写的碑志行状,是国史馆修撰臣僚传记的重要史料来源。元代修撰《宋史》列传大致保存了宋代国史和实录的原貌,可以推知其主要内容也是来源于私家所撰的碑志行状。但是,由于两者性质和立场不同,《宋史》列传和行状在叙事语境、史料取材和人物评论等方面呈现迥然不同的面貌。在叙事语境上,前者侧重整体,突出国家兼顾个人;后者侧重个体,突出个人兼顾家族。在史料取材上,前者求真求实,后者兼采虚诞之谈。在人物评论上,前者褒贬分明,后者有褒无贬。总之,《宋史》列传与私家传记在史料价值上各有短长,不应盲目抬高官方正史,也不应刻意贬低私家传记,两者参考互证,才能获得更加客观的、全面的认识。
The inscriptions written by the private writers in the Song Dynasty are important historical sources of the biographies of the historians of the National Museum of History. In the Yuan Dynasty, the biography of the Song Dynasty generally preserved the original appearance of the Song Dynasty’s national history and memoirs. It can be inferred that its main content is also derived from the inscriptions written by private individuals. However, due to the difference of their nature and position, the biography and behavior of “Song Dynasty” have very different appearances in the aspects of narrative context, historical materials and character comments. In the narrative context, the former focuses on the whole, giving prominence to both the state and the individual; the latter focuses on the individual, giving prominence to both the individual and the family. Draw on the historical data, the former truth-seeking truth-seeking, which combines both Christmas and Christmas. Comment on the characters, the former commended, the latter praise and derogatory. In short, the Biography of the Song Dynasty and private biographies are short and long on the value of historical materials. They should not blindly elevate official official history, nor should they deliberately belittle private biographies. The two can obtain more objective and comprehensive understanding through mutual reference and mutual evidence .