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目的:探讨运动训练与运动员腰椎间盘形态改变的关系。方法:选取男子摔跤、柔道运动员66名,根据训练年限将其分为5年以上和4年以下组(超过4年均归为5年以上组),从高校随机抽取普通学生10名作为对照组,对所有受试者进行腰部检查和腰3至骶1椎间盘CT普查。结果:两运动员组腰椎间盘形态改变发生率显著高于对照组(P<0.01),5年以上组腰椎间盘形态改变程度明显较另外两组严重。说明运动训练与运动员腰椎间盘形态改变有密切的关系,且训练年限越长其改变程度越重。研究结果还提示,运动员的腰部症状与其椎间盘形态的改变无必然的因果关系,在临床上应结合具体情况分析而定。部分运动员腰椎间盘形态的改变可视为运动造成的“适应性提前退变”,大负荷运动造成椎间盘营养代谢、组织结构、生物化学、生物力学等方面的变化可能是其形态改变的原因。
Objective: To explore the relationship between exercise training and the morphological changes of the lumbar disc. Methods: Sixty - six male wrestling and judo athletes were selected and divided into 5 years or more and 4 years or less according to their training years (more than 4 years were classified as over 5 years), and 10 normal students from colleges and universities were randomly selected as the control group All subjects underwent waist examination and lumbar 3 to sacral 1 intervertebral disc CT screening. Results: The incidence of lumbar intervertebral disk morphological changes in both athletes was significantly higher than that in the control group (P <0.01). The changes of lumbar intervertebral disc morphology in the two groups were significantly worse than those in the other two groups. Description of sports training and athletes lumbar disc morphology has a close relationship, and the longer the training period, the more severe changes. The results also suggest that there is no necessary causal relationship between the lumbar symptom of athletes and the change of their disc morphology, which should be determined clinically according to the analysis of specific situations. The change of lumbar intervertebral disc morphology of some athletes may be considered as “adaptive degeneration” caused by exercise. The changes of nutrition, metabolism, tissue structure, biochemistry, biomechanics and so on caused by heavy exercise may be the reason of its morphological changes.