目的分析生长年限、海拔、光照因素对大黄中蒽醌和鞣质类等8种成分量的影响,为大黄种植最佳生长条件的选择提供理论依据。方法采用HPLC法同时测定人工种植的54批药用大黄样品中芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚、大黄酚-1-O-葡萄糖苷、大黄素-8-O-葡萄糖苷、(+)-儿茶素8种成分的量,并采用方差分析进行不同生长年限、不同海拔、不同光照环境(阴坡、阳坡)与各成分量的相关性分析。结果 1、2、3年生的游离型蒽醌质量分数平均值分别为4.26、5.18、8.10 mg/g,结合型蒽醌质量分数平均值分别为4.67、5.62、6.76 mg/g,(+)-儿茶素质量分数平均值分别为3.12、4.18、4.72mg/g。在海拔(1 300±50)、(1 500±50)、(1 700±50)m 3个不同的范围,1年生与2年生和3年生比较,大黄中8种成分的量有极显著性差异(P<0.01)。在3个不同的生长年限之中,海拔(1 300±50)m处的大黄中8种成分的量与(1 500±50)m和(1 700±50)m处大黄比较,有极显著性差异(P<0.01)。在3个不同的生长年限和3个不同海拔范围,阴坡和阳坡的大黄中8种成分的量相比,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论在同一生长年限,随海拔的升高,以及同一生长海拔范围,随生长年限的增加,大黄中蒽醌和鞣质类的量都呈现明显的上升趋势,有显著性差异。而光照(阴坡、阳坡)不同时,大黄中蒽醌和鞣质类的量无显著性差异,但其蒽醌和鞣质类量的均数阳坡高于阴坡。大黄人工种植宜选择海拔在1 400 m以上,生长年限不低于3年,阳光直接照射的阳坡环境,有利于提高药用大黄中蒽醌和和鞣质类化学成分的总量。 OBJECTIVE To analyze the effects of growth duration, altitude and light on the contents of eight components of anthraquinones and tannins in rhubarb, and to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of optimum growth conditions for rhubarb cultivation. Methods Simultaneous determination of artemisinin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, chrysophanol-1-O-glucoside, emodin-8-O - glucosidase and (+) - catechin were determined. The analysis of variance was used to analyze the correlation between different components of the growing season, the altitude and the light conditions (shady slopes and sunny slopes). Results The average free anthraquinone concentrations in the 1,2 and 3 year groups were 4.26, 5.18 and 8.10 mg / g, respectively. The mean anthraquinone content in the combined anthraquinones were 4.67, 5.62 and 6.76 mg / g, respectively, The average catechin mass fraction were 3.12,4.18,4.72mg / g. The results showed that there were significant differences in the contents of 8 components in rhubarb at 1 year, 2 years and 3 years at elevations of (1 300 ± 50), (1 500 ± 50) and (1 700 ± 50) m Difference (P <0.01). Among the three different growing years, the contents of eight components in rhubarb at an altitude of (1 300 ± 50) m were significantly different from those of rhubarb at (1 500 ± 50) m and (1 700 ± 50) m Sex differences (P <0.01). There were no significant differences in the contents of 8 components in rhubarb and shady rhubarb between 3 different growing years and 3 different altitudes (P> 0.05). Conclusions The anthraquinones and tannins in rhubarb show the obvious increasing trend with the increase of altitude and the elevation of the same growing altitude in the same growing season. However, there was no significant difference in the anthraquinone and tannin content in rhubarb when the illumination (shady slopes and sunny slopes) was different, but the mean sunny slopes of anthraquinone and tannin were higher than that of the shady slopes. Rhubarb artificial selection should choose an elevation of more than 1400 m, the growth of not less than 3 years, the direct sunlight sunshine environment conducive to improve the anthraquinone and medicinal rhubarb and the total chemical composition of tannins.