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早在1839年,法国科学家贝克雷尔就发现,光照能使半导体材料的不同部位之间产生电位差。这种现象1905 年被爱因斯坦从理论上解释称为“光生伏打效应”,简称“光伏效应”。1954 年,美国科学家恰宾和皮尔松在美国贝尔实验室,首次制成了转换率为6%的单晶硅太阳电池,诞生了将太阳光能转换为电能的实用光伏发电技术。2005年是爱因斯坦发现光电效应100周年,这位伟大的物理学家也许不会想到,今天在光电效应的诸多应用中,最值得关注的居然还是太阳能光电池。
As early as 1839, French scientist Becketll found that light produced a potential difference between different parts of the semiconductor material. This phenomenon was interpreted by Einstein theoretically in 1905 as the “photovoltaic effect”, referred to as “photovoltaic effect.” In 1954, American scientist Chapin and Pilsson made the first monocrystalline silicon solar cell with a conversion rate of 6% at Bell Labs in the United States, and created a practical photovoltaic power generation technology that converts sunlight energy into electrical energy. The year 2005 marks the 100th anniversary of Einstein’s discovery of the photoelectric effect. The great physicist may not have imagined that the most noteworthy solar photovoltaic cells today are in the photovoltaic applications.