19世纪中期已启用硬式胃镜做上消化道检查,因插到胃内困难,故其应用受限制。纤维内窥镜问世以后,食道、胃、十二指肠镜检查已成为上部胃肠道疾病的主要诊断方法。目前应用的内窥镜主要有两种类型:前视型或侧视型。两型均可屈曲和调节,顶端偏转几乎达360°。 In the middle of the 19th century, hard gastroscopes had been used as upper gastrointestinal examinations, and their application was limited due to difficulty in insertion into the stomach. After the advent of fiber endoscopes, esophagoscopy, gastroduodenal endoscopy has become the main diagnostic method for upper gastrointestinal diseases. There are two main types of endoscopes currently used: front-view or side-view. Both types can be flexed and adjusted, and the tip deflection is almost 360°.