论文部分内容阅读
1964—1966年北京郊区开展的农村“四清”运动,留下了一批档案材料,其中较有价值的是各村按户建立的《阶级成分登记表》。这类登记表除逐项填列农户家庭成员,主要社会关系,以及土改前三年、合作化时、“四清”时等三个时期的经济状况外,还有“家史简述”,记述户主从祖父以来的个人历史,特别是家庭的经济状况及其变化。在时间上,一般都追溯到本世纪一二十年代,最早的要到甲午战争前,乃至同治年间。这些材料,具体而生动地反映了半个多世纪以来农村的土地分配、租佃关系、农业发展、社会习俗、人口流动,以及农民生产、生活、就业等方面的情况和变化,是一部丰富的农村经济史和社会史。对这类材料的加工、整理和利用,颇费人力和时间,但很有意义。这篇札记是我从近代经济史的角度整理和利用这类档案材料的一个尝试。
From 1964 to 1966, the rural “Four-Qing” movement in the suburbs of Beijing left behind a batch of archival materials. Among them, what is more valuable is the “register of class components” established by every household in each village. These types of registration forms include, in addition to itemizing the family members of peasant households, major social relations, and the economic conditions of the three periods of the three years before the land reform, the cooperative period and the “four clear days”, as well as “family history briefs” Personal history since my grandfather, especially the family’s economic situation and its changes. In terms of time, it generally goes back to the 1920s and early 1920s, and the earliest went before the Sino-Japanese War and even the Tongzhi years. These materials, in a concrete and vivid way, reflect the conditions and changes in rural land distribution, tenancy and tenure, agricultural development, social customs and population movements as well as peasant production, living and employment in more than half a century and are rich Rural economic history and social history. The processing, sorting and utilization of such materials is labor-intensive and time-consuming but makes sense. This reading is an attempt by me to organize and utilize such archives from the perspective of modern economic history.