将能量分为和两部分的思想,可追溯到1824年卡诺的工作。之后许多研究人员发展了这一理论。直到六十年代初期,朗特定义(火用)为能量的可转换部分,(火无)为能量的不可转换部分,至此,(火用)和(火无)的概念才有了一个公认的定义。与此同时,节能的观点也在发展变化。起初,人们依据热力学第一定律,应 The idea of ​​dividing energy into two parts,  and ,, dates back to Cano’s work in 1824. Many researchers later developed this theory. Until the early 1960s, Rand defined (exergy) as a convertible part of energy, and (fireless) as an unconvertible part of energy. At this point, the concepts of (exergy) and (fireless) have become recognized. definition. At the same time, the idea of ​​energy conservation is also changing. At first, according to the first law of thermodynamics, people should