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灾后恢复是一个随时间不断变化发展的过程。本文以2008年四川汶川Ms8.0级地震为巨灾案例,2009年云南姚安Ms6.0级地震为中小型灾害案例,对农村灾区家庭进行随机入户调查。基于1094份有效问卷,运用恢复曲线,研究受灾家庭的生活恢复随时间变化的规律,对比不同灾害强度对恢复重建过程的影响。结果表明:家庭恢复过程具有明显的阶段性,根据恢复速率的变化,可分为应急期、恢复前期、恢复中期,恢复后期。巨灾和中小型灾害在恢复历时、恢复过程方面存在较大不同:中小型灾害生活恢复的过程相对较短,绝大多数重损家庭在灾后20个月完成恢复,中损家庭为18个月,二者相差较小;巨型灾害恢复过程整体历时较长,大多数中损家庭在灾后68个月才完成恢复,重损家庭的生活恢复整体滞后于中损家庭1年以上,并且随着时间的推移,受灾程度对恢复过程的影响越来越突出。
Disaster recovery is a process that evolves over time. In this paper, the 2008 Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake in Sichuan Province is a catastrophe case. The 2009 Yaon Ms6.0 earthquake in Yunnan Province is a case of small and medium-sized disasters. Random survey of families in rural disaster-hit areas was conducted. Based on 1094 valid questionnaires, the recovery curve was used to study the law of the life recovery of the affected families over time. The effects of different disaster intensities on the restoration and reconstruction process were compared. The results show that there are obvious stages in the process of family restoration. According to the change of recovery rate, it can be classified as emergency period, pre-recovery period, mid-recovery period and post-recovery period. Catastrophe and small and medium-sized disasters have great differences in the process of restoration and restoration: the recovery of small and medium-sized disasters is relatively short, and the vast majority of rehabilitated families recover after 20 months of disasters, while the average loss-making families are 18 months , The difference between the two is small; the whole process of mega-disaster recovery lasted a long time, most of the damaged families completed the recovery 68 months after the disaster, and the recovery of life of heavy loss families lagged behind that of the moderate-loss families for more than one year, The impact of the disaster level on the recovery process has become more and more prominent.