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目的了解南方农村集中式供水出厂水中贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫的污染状况。方法于2013年8—9月对南方3省以地表水为水源的30座农村集中式供水水厂的出厂水中贾第鞭毛虫、隐孢子虫及其水质相关指标进行检测,对水厂基本情况开展卫生学调查。结果 30座水厂中60%的水厂采用完全处理,消毒方式主要以使用含氯消毒剂为主。30件出厂水水样中,贾第鞭毛虫孢囊密度为0~20.6个/10 L,检出率为36.67%,超标率为23.33%;隐孢子虫卵囊密度为0~0.9个/10L,检出率为28.33%。贾第鞭毛虫与隐孢子虫、浑浊度、耐热大肠菌群呈正相关(P<0.05);隐孢子虫与浑浊度、总大肠菌、耐热大肠菌群呈正相关(P<0.05)。水处理方式为完全处理、设备经常定期保养和检查、经常使用消毒设施以及消毒方式可有效降低出厂水中贾第鞭毛虫孢囊的检出率(P<0.01);未发现厂水处理工艺、管理、运行维护等因素对隐孢子虫卵囊的检出率有影响(P>0.05)。结论本次调查的以地表水为饮用水水源的农村集中式供水存在贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫污染情况,优化处理工艺并加强水厂管理有助于控制贾第鞭毛虫的污染。
Objective To understand the pollution of Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum in the water supplied from centralized water supply in southern rural areas. Methods From August to September 2013, Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum and their water quality indicators were measured in factory water of 30 rural centralized water supply factories in three southern provinces with surface water as their source of water. The basic situation of the water plant Conduct hygiene survey. As a result, 60% of the 30 waterworks were completely treated. The main disinfection methods were chlorine-based disinfectants. In the 30 water samples, the cyst density of Giardia was 0 ~ 20.6 / 10 L, the detection rate was 36.67% and the over standard rate was 23.33%. The density of Cryptosporidium oocysts was 0 ~ 0.9 / 10L , The detection rate was 28.33%. Giardia and Cryptosporidium, turbidity, heat-resistant coliform was positively correlated (P <0.05); Cryptosporidium and turbidity, total coliform bacteria, heat-resistant coliform bacteria was positively correlated (P <0.05). The water treatment method is completely treated, the equipment is regularly maintained and inspected, the regular use of disinfection facilities and disinfection methods can effectively reduce the detection rate of cysts in the effluent of Giardia plantae (P <0.01); no founding of plant water treatment process, management , Operation and maintenance and other factors have an impact on the detection rate of Cryptosporidium oocysts (P> 0.05). Conclusion In this investigation, the contamination of Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum was found in rural centralized water supply system using surface water as the source of drinking water. Optimizing the treatment process and strengthening the management of waterworks helped to control the contamination of Giardia.