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贫困是对人类发展的最大挑战。按照阿马蒂亚.森的理论,贫困本质上是一个能力问题,是机会和能力的被剥夺。基于这一深刻的观察视角,联合国开发计划署于1997年提出了“人类贫困”的概念,并创造了用以度量人类贫困的指数“HPI”(Human Poverty Index),从而丰富了反贫困理论和实践。人类贫困问题迅速得到中国学者的重视。由于很难在地区水平获得完全满足“HPI”的统计数据,中国地区间人类贫困的定量研究一直处于缺失状态,这不利于完整认识中国的贫困问题。遵循“HPI”的理论内涵和方法,根据中国的实际情况构造的拟人类贫困指数“SHPI”是现有条件下“HPI”的理想替代物。运用“SHPI”对2000年和2005年中国各地区人类贫困的近似度量和比较静态分析填补了这方面研究的缺失。定量分析表明,人均国内生产总值(GDP)达到一定水平后,高收入地区与低收入地区在出现高程度人类贫困方面不再有显著差异。这一发现有重要的政策意义。
Poverty is the greatest challenge to human development. According to Amartya Sen’s theory, poverty is essentially a question of ability, a deprivation of opportunity and ability. Based on this profound observation perspective, the United Nations Development Program introduced the concept of “human poverty” in 1997 and enriched the “HPI” index, a measure of human poverty. Anti-poverty theory and practice. The issue of human poverty has quickly gained the attention of Chinese scholars. Because it is very hard to obtain the “HPI” statistics at the regional level, the quantitative research on human poverty in China has been in a deficit state, which is not conducive to a complete understanding of China’s poverty. Following the theoretical connotation and method of “HPI”, the proposed human poverty index “SHPI” according to China’s actual conditions is an ideal substitute for “HPI” under current conditions. The use of “SHPI” to approximate the comparative study of human poverty in different regions of China in 2000 and 2005 and comparative static analysis has filled the gap in this aspect. Quantitative analysis shows that once GDP per capita reaches a certain level, there is no longer any significant difference between high-income and low-income areas in terms of high levels of human poverty. This discovery has important policy implications.