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目的：了解我国医务人员手卫生知识知晓及依从性现状，为进一步推进手卫生工作提供科学依据。方法采用多中心研究的方式，对全国200所医院2015年手卫生知识知晓率及依从性数据进行回顾性调查。结果医务人员手卫生方法知晓率为86．5％，手卫生指征知晓率为82．5％；保洁员手卫生指征知晓率最低（69．9％），其次是其他实习和进修生（70．2％）、医技人员（79．8％）；护理员手卫生方法知晓率最低（76．9％），其次是其他实习和进修生（81．0％）、保洁员（82．4％）；二级医院知晓率均低于三级医院，不同级别医院中区县级医院知晓率均最低。手卫生依从率为70．1％，正确率为74．9％；其他实习和进修生的依从率、正确率均处于较低水平（分别为61．4％和60．9％）；不同级别医院中地市级医院依从率及正确率均最低，非教学医院依从率及正确率均低于教学医院。结论我国基层医院是手卫生的薄弱环节，实习生、进修生、护理员和保洁员是手卫生的薄弱群体，应加强手卫生管理，进一步提升手卫生知识知晓和依从性水平。“,”Objective To understand the status of awareness of hand hygiene(HH)knowledge and compliance among health care workers (HCWs)in China,and provide scientific basis for further improvement of HH practice. Methods A multi-centre retrospective survey on awareness of HH knowledge and compliance was conducted in 200 nationwide hospitals in 2015.Results The awareness rates of HH methods and HH indications among HCWs were 86.5% and 82.5% respectively;cleaning staff had the lowest awareness rate of HH indications(69.9%),followed by the other interns and advanced-study students (70.2%),as well as medical technicians (79.8%);attendants had the lowest awareness rate of HH methods(76.9%),followed by advanced-study students and interns(81.0%),and cleaning staff (82.4%);HH knowledge awareness rate among HCWs in secondary hospitals was lower than tertia-ry hospitals,and the district-level hospitals had the lowest awareness rate of HH.HH compliance rate and correct rate were 70.1% and 74.9% respectively;the interns and advanced-study students were at a low level of compliance and correct rates (61.4% and 60.9% respectively);the municipal hospitals had the lowest compliance and correct rates,non-teaching hospitals were lower than teaching hospitals.Conclusion HH in primary hospitals is weak,HH of interns,advanced-study students,as well as attendants and cleaning staffs are not enough,HH management should be strengthened,awareness and compliance of HH should be improved.