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为研究下丘脑神经细胞衰老发展的规律，采用分散细胞培养法，以新生大鼠下丘脑细胞的胞体平均直径、突起长度、数目及电镜下所见的结构变化作为观察指标．把细胞培养期分为静止期、生长期、成熟期和衰老期四个阶段。其中第1周至第6周是培养细胞的主要生长阶段。这期间，细胞形态丰满，突起生长活跃，网络分枝丰富。电镜观察表明培养细胞在3周左右，各种细胞器发育渐趋成熟，并有突触样结构出现。第6周后，突起出现萎缩僵硬，常有串珠样变性，同时胞体进行性增大，线粒体肿胀变性，常有颗粒空泡及电子致密斑块出现，这时细胞进入衰老期。这种分期也同样适于培养的皮层及海马细胞的发育和衰老发展的规律。
In order to study the regularity of the senescence of neurons in the hypothalamus, we used scattered cell culture method to observe the changes of hypothalamic cells in neonatal rats. The cell culture phase is divided into quiescent phase, growth phase, maturity and aging four stages. The first week to the sixth week is the main growth stage of cultured cells. During this period, the cell shape is full, the protrusion grows actively, and the network branches are rich. Electron microscopy showed that cultured cells in about 3 weeks, a variety of organelles matured, and the emergence of synaptic-like structure. After 6 weeks, the protuberant atrophy and stiffness, often beaded degeneration, at the same time cell body progressive increase, mitochondrial swelling and degeneration, often with particle cavitation and electron dense plaques appear, then the cells into the aging phase. This staging is also suitable for the development of cortical and hippocampal cells and the development of aging.