目的探索白藜芦醇(resveratrol,RSV)对新生期小鼠酒精暴露后小脑发育损伤的保护作用。方法选取同窝的子鼠按随机数字表法分成3组:对照组、酒精组和RSV+酒精组。运用免疫组织化学方法检测浦肯野细胞标记物(calbindin D-28K,CB)、伯格曼胶质细胞标记物脑脂结合蛋白(brain lipid binding protein,BLBP)及其胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)、小胶质细胞标记物(small glial cell marker,Iba-1)在小脑的分布与表达;采用Western blot测定小脑核转录因子(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)的表达水平,分析白藜芦醇对酒精暴露致新生小鼠小脑损伤的保护作用。结果与对照组比较,酒精组第8天新生小鼠小脑小胶质细胞数目增多,NF-κB表达水平增加(P<0.05),浦肯野细胞数量减少及树突长度降低,且伯格曼胶质细胞纤维密度减少(P<0.05);与酒精组比较,RSV+酒精组新生小鼠小脑内激活态小胶质细胞数量减少,NF-κB表达水平降低(P<0.05),浦肯野细胞数量和树突长度以及伯格曼胶质细胞纤维密度增加(P<0.05)。结论白藜芦醇能抑制酒精暴露导致的新生小鼠小脑小胶质细胞活化和NF-κB表达水平上调,促进浦肯野细胞和伯格曼胶质细胞的存活,改善酒精暴露导致的新生小鼠小脑发育损伤。 Objective To explore the protective effect of resveratrol (RSV) on cerebellar development after alcohol exposure in neonatal mice. Methods The littermates were divided into 3 groups according to random number table: control group, alcohol group and RSV + alcohol group. The expressions of calbindin D-28K, CB, BLBP and glial glial fibrillary acidic protein were detected by immunohistochemistry. fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and small glial cell marker (Iba-1) in the cerebellum. The expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) Level, to analyze the protective effect of resveratrol on cerebellar injury induced by alcohol exposure in neonatal mice. Results Compared with the control group, the number of cerebellar microglial cells increased, the expression of NF-κB increased (P <0.05), the number of Purkinje cells and the length of dendrites decreased on the 8th day in alcohol group, Compared with the alcohol group, the number of activated microglia in cerebellum and the expression of NF-κB in cerebellum of RSV + alcohol group decreased (P <0.05) The number and dendrite length, as well as the density of Bergman glia increased (P <0.05). Conclusion Resveratrol can inhibit the activation of cerebellar microglial cells and the up-regulation of NF-κB expression in neonatal mice induced by alcohol exposure, promote the survival of Purkinje cells and Bergman glial cells and improve the neonatal mortality caused by alcohol exposure Rat cerebellar developmental injury.