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以往的研究使用行业或者地区价格指数平减货币变量时忽视了企业定价异质性,可能导致价格偏误。通过匹配2007-2010年中国海关进出口数据库和工业企业数据库,合并企业财务层面的数据和进出口产品层面的交易信息,计算企业层面的价格指数,以考虑定价异质性。以此重新分析国际贸易与多产品进出口企业生产率的关系,分别考察国际贸易的生产率溢价、自我选择效应和学习效应,结果发现,使用行业价格指数平减低估了国际贸易的生产率溢价;相对于使用行业价格指数平减,使用企业价格指数平减时的出口自我选择效应更明显,但无论采用何种价格指数,进口自我选择效应都不存在;只有在使用企业价格指数平减时,出口学习效应才存在,但使用两种价格指数平减时都存在进口学习效应。
Previous studies have used the industry or regional price index to deflate monetary variables while ignoring the pricing heterogeneity of firms, which may lead to price biases. By matching the 2007-2010 China Customs Import and Export Database and the Industrial Enterprise Database, the company’s financial-level data and transaction information at the import and export product level were combined to calculate the company-level price index to consider pricing heterogeneity. In order to re-analyze the relationship between international trade and the productivity of multi-products import and export companies, examine the productivity premiums, self-selection effects, and learning effects of international trade, and find that using the industry price index deflator underestimates the productivity premium of international trade; Using the industry price index deflator, the effect of export self-selection when using the corporate price index deflator is more pronounced, but no matter which price index is used, the import self-selection effect does not exist; only when the use of the corporate price index is deflated, the export learns The effect exists, but there is an import learning effect when using the two price indexes.