Chronic heart failure (CHF), as the end-stage presentation of all kinds of heart diseases, is a major public health problem as well as a pressing public policy issue. There are more than 5 million patients diagnosed with CHF in USA alone and approximately 550 000 new cases appear per year. About 0.4%-2% of the European population is affected by symptomatic heart failure. Hence heart failure is the leading cause of hospitalization especially in older people around the world.