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我国种植油菜有悠久的历史,1982年夏收油菜籽8,000万担,跃居世界第一位。目前,我国油菜籽库存量很大,因其品质问题成为菜油出口的一大障碍。国际市场要求菜油的芥酸含量不得高于5%,而我国的芥酸含量一般在35—50%。近几年来,中国农科院油料作物研究所和江苏,陕西、青海等省在油菜育种的研究工作中有所突破,现已选育出我国第一批无芥酸油菜新品系。中国农科院油料作物研究所,选育出八个无芥酸甘兰型冬油菜新品系,连继三年测定芥酸含量都稳定在零,其中有两个中熟偏早,四个中熟和两个中熟晚熟品系,可适于南方冬油菜区试验。已在湖北省崇阳和广济二县繁殖这八个新品系的原种,面积共68亩,亩产在120—150斤。江苏淮阴地区农科所选育出两个含量2—3%的低芥酸油菜新品系,经小面积试验,亩产可达300斤。陕西省农科院选育出两个低芥酸选系。青海省农
China has a long history of growing rapeseed. In the summer of 1982, it harvested 80 million canola and jumped to the top of the world. At present, China’s large stock of rapeseed oil, because of its quality problems have become a major obstacle to the export of vegetable oil. The international market requires vegetable oil erucic acid content of not more than 5%, while China’s erucic acid content is generally 35-50%. In recent years, the Institute of Oil Crops of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Jiangsu, Shaanxi and Qinghai provinces have made breakthroughs in rapeseed breeding. The first batch of new strains of erucic acid-free rapeseed have been bred in China. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Oil Crops, bred eight erucic acid-free winter rapeseed new lines, even after three years of determination of erucic acid content were stable at zero, of which two midribs partial early, four in Cooked and cooked two late maturing lines, suitable for southern rapeseed area test. The original breeds of these eight new lines have been breed in Chongyang and Guangji counties of Hubei Province, with a total area of 68 mu and a yield of 120-150 kg per mu. Jiangsu Huaiyin selected by the agricultural sciences two 2-3% content of low erucic rape new lines, the small area test, per mu up to 300 pounds. Shaanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences bred two low erucic acid lines. Qinghai Province farmers