一、序言北魏是由鲜卑拓跋氏建立的王朝,也是中国历史上第一个人主中原、并把广大的北方草原游牧区和黄河流域传统的农耕区置于同一政权统治之下的北方民族政权。两汉之际,匈奴衰微,拓跋鲜卑便由大兴安岭南下西迁,其间,“山谷高深,九难八阻,于是欲止。有神兽,其形似马,其声类牛,先行导引,历年乃出。始居匈奴之故 I. Preface The Northern Wei Dynasty was established by the Xianbei Tuoba’s dynasty, but also China’s history, the first human Central Plains, and the vast northern grassland nomadic areas and the Yellow River Valley traditional farming areas under the same regime of the northern nation regime. The Han dynasty, the decline of the Huns, Tuoba Xianbei from the Daxinganling southward westward move, during which ”the valley is profound, the nine difficulties eight obstacles, so to stop .Shim animals, its shape like a horse, its kind of cattle, the first guide, the calendar year It is a