目的探讨沙眼衣原体（ＣＴ）感染与输卵管妊娠（ＴＰ）之间的关系及其发病机制，并试图找到预防和降低ＴＰ发生的方法和途径。方法分别采用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术、酶联免疫吸附（ＥＬＩＳＡ）测定ＴＰ患者宫颈、输卵管组织中的ＣＴＤＮＡ及其血清中的特异性ＣＴＩｇＧ。结果ＴＰ患者宫颈ＣＴＤＮＡ和血清ＣＴＩｇＧ检出均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜００５，Ｐ＜００１）；ＴＰ患者的输卵管组织中ＣＴＤＮＡ阳性与组织学浆细胞分级有关（ｒ＝０５，Ｐ＜００５）。且ＴＰ患者血清ＣＴＩｇＧ阳性与患者盆腔粘连和既往盆腔炎病史（ＰＩＤ）有关（Ｐ＜００１，Ｐ＜００５）。结论ＣＴ感染与ＴＰ的发生有着紧密的联系。通过ＰＣＲ方法对宫颈ＣＴ感染进行筛查和治疗，有望降低ＴＰ的发生。 Objective To explore the relationship between the pathogenesis of tubal pregnancy (TP) and the infection of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and to find ways and ways to prevent and reduce the occurrence of TP. Methods The CT DNA and its specific CTIgG in the cervix and oviduct of TP patients were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively. Results The CT and CTIgG levels in TP patients were significantly higher than those in control group (P <005, P <001). The CTDNA positive in fallopian tube tissues of TP patients was related to the grading of histological plasma cells (r = 00 5, P <005). The positive serum CTIgG in TP patients was associated with pelvic adhesions and history of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) (P <001, P <005). Conclusion CT infection has a close relationship with the occurrence of TP. Screening and treatment of cervical CT infection by PCR method is expected to reduce the occurrence of TP.