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对2016年2月在上海崇明岛水域发现的1头超重雌性窄脊江豚东亚亚种遗骸作了年龄鉴定,并将体型参数、腹壁脂肪层及肝脏组织等与同龄的正常个体作了比较。分析显示,该江豚为2龄,体长115.0 cm、体质量29.9 kg、最大体围86.2 cm、体质指数(BMI)22.6 kg/m~2、体围指数(BGI)75.0%和腹部脂肪层厚度3.5~4.3 cm,均明显大于同一水域的其他8头同龄个体。参照人类体质指数(BMI)等判断肥胖的方法和标准,发现该江豚已达到肥胖程度。实验样本的肝脏质量占体质量3.3%,肝脂肪含量高达9.27%±1.67%,脂肪占肝脏切面的体积也达40.81%±2.09%,分别是正常或对照样本的1.4、2.63和1.75倍。肉眼观察发现,实验江豚的肝脏表面凹凸粗糙,内部出现了短肌纤维束脂肪样的病变。石蜡切片显示,低倍镜下有大量的嗜酸性粒细胞浸润;高倍镜下轻度病变部位的肝细胞已发生了明显的空泡状病变,高度病变部位仅可见完全坏死的肝细胞。研究表明,该肥胖江豚已发生了严重的脂肪肝病变,并与体型参数、腹壁脂肪厚度存在着相关性,这些发现对江豚的人工驯养和迁地保护具有积极的指导意义。
The age of an overweight female Narrowed Porcupinefish found in February 2016 in Chongming Island waters of Shanghai was identified. Body size parameters, abdominal fat layer and liver tissue were compared with those of the same age. The results showed that the finless porpoise was age 2, body length 115.0 cm, body weight 29.9 kg, body circumference 86.2 cm, body mass index 22.6 kg / m 2, body mass index (BGI) 75.0% and abdominal fat layer thickness 3.5 ~ 4.3 cm, were significantly greater than the same waters in the same eight other individuals of the same age. Reference to the human body mass index (BMI) and other methods and criteria to determine obesity and found that finless porpoise has reached the level of obesity. The liver mass of the experimental sample accounted for 3.3% of the body mass, the hepatic fat content was as high as 9.27% ± 1.67%, and the volume of fat as the liver section was also 40.81% ± 2.09%, which was 1.4, 2.63 and 1.75 times of the normal or control sample respectively. Macroscopically, it was found that the surface of the liver of the porpoise was rough and rough, and the fat-like lesions of the short muscle fiber bundles appeared inside. Paraffin sections showed that a large number of eosinophils were infiltrated under low magnification; obvious vacuolar lesions occurred in the mild lesion at high magnification, and only completely necrotic hepatocytes were observed in the highly lesion. Studies have shown that the obese finless porpoise has developed severe fatty liver disease and is related to the body shape parameters and abdominal fat thickness. These findings have a positive guiding significance for the artificial domestication and ex situ conservation of the finless porpoise.