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目的:掌握北京市某区南水北调通水前后农村地区自备井水中硝酸盐等主要指标含量及合格率的变化。方法:在某区农村地区5个乡镇设置29个自备井监测点,于2014年-2015年每年枯丰水期对出厂水和末梢水进行监测,监测指标为硝酸盐、氨氮、总硬度、溶解性总固体、耗氧量、pH值、硫酸盐、氯化物、氟化物。以2014年饮水监测结果作为南水北调前自备井水水质的基础数值,将南水北调后自备井水监测结果(2015年)与南水北调通水前(2014年)监测结果进行比较,分析南水北调通水对农村自备井水硝酸盐等指标含量及变化原因。结果:自备井水硝酸盐含量由2014年的39.2 mg/L降低至2015年的35.9 mg/L,同时总硬度含量由621 mg/L降低至581 mg/L,pH由2014年的7.17升高至2015年的7.36,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),其他指标含量无明显变化。硝酸盐合格率由2014年的19.7%上升至2015年的33.6%(P<0.05),其他指标合格率无明显变化。结论:2015年某区自备井水硝酸盐、总硬度含量下降,地下水水质呈优化现象,与南水北调有一定关联性,长期水质变化及健康影响需继续研究。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the content of nitrate and other indicators in rural areas before and after the water diversion from the South-North Water Diversion Project in Beijing and the qualified rate. Methods: 29 self-prepared wells were set up in 5 villages and towns in a rural area of a certain district. The factory water and the peripheral water were monitored every year from 2014 to 2015. The monitoring indicators were nitrate, ammonia nitrogen, total hardness, Total Solubility, Oxygen Consumption, pH, Sulfate, Chloride, Fluoride. Based on the results of drinking water monitoring in 2014 as the basic values of well water quality before the South-to-North Water Diversion, the monitoring results of self-provided well water after the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (2015) and before the water diversion from the South to North Water Diversion (2014) Index Contents and Causes of Nitrate Content in Rural Bringing Well Water. Results: The nitrate content of self-prepared well water decreased from 39.2 mg / L in 2014 to 35.9 mg / L in 2015, while the total hardness decreased from 621 mg / L to 581 mg / L. The pH was increased from 7.17 liters in 2014 As high as 7.36 in 2015, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05), other indicators did not change significantly. The passing rate of nitrate increased from 19.7% in 2014 to 33.6% in 2015 (P <0.05), while the passing rates of other indicators showed no significant changes. Conclusion: In 2015, the nitrate content of well water in a certain area decreased, the total hardness decreased, and the groundwater quality was optimized. It was correlated with the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. The long-term water quality change and health effects should be further studied.