杜甫藉由乐府古题写作的前、后《出塞》,在古辞所摹写的戍边生涯基础上,由“事件”扩大到对事件背景的探讨,已涉及历史发展、国家观念、战争本质等议题的讨论,更藉由胡/汉、军/民、治人者/治于人者等多元身份的交会与对话,进一步思考到最根本的结构性问题,显然远远超出历来文人拟作《出塞》所侧重的塞外风光、昂扬精神或思归之情。由前《出塞》的九首,到间隔三年后的《出塞》五首,杜甫关注的层面既有其延续性,更随时加入时事变迁与民情变化,有如纳百川的大河一般,滔滔漭漭,特别是将对人类命运的思考倾注于作品中,汇聚成史诗一般的时代交响曲,把乐府古题的创作推向一个高峰。 On the basis of his predecessors and post-writers’ writing, Du Fu expanded from “incident” to discussion on the background of the incident on the basis of his predecessors, which covered the historical development, the concept of state and the essence of war In addition, the discussion on such issues as the discussion of the issues of Hu and Han, the army and the people, the rule of man / rule of man and other plural identities further explores the most fundamental structural problems far beyond what the literati intends to make “ Outlet ”focused outside the scenery, high spirits or thought of return. From the first nine “exits” to the first five “expeditions” after five laps, Du Fu’s concern has both its continuity and the added flexibility of current events and changes of the people’s conditions at any time. In particular, he devoted himself to thinking about the fate of mankind in his work, bringing together epic-era symphony of the times and pushing the creation of ancient Yuefu books to a peak.