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本文研究津巴布韦东北部穆托科(Mutoko)公有地农民利用土壤差异的方法。对10个在场使用土地的情况作了详细调查,作物长势、土壤类型和管理历史都做了记录,并在农民巧妙利用其长处的各种微环境中分别采集了土样。这些小范围的养分含量与周围大面积贫瘠土壤形成鲜明的对比,它们因水分和养分易于利用而倍受赞赏。对作物和土壤管理按农民对环境变异性的对策作了诠释。局外人对土壤肥力可接受水平的主观估计在这种环境里可能是没有意义的。为了增加或维持生产力,国家和研究者可支持农民在不定性面前采取灵活措施,而不应禁止他们的做法或者向他们推销旨在实行集约经营的计划。
This article explores the ways in which Mutoko communal farmers make use of soil differences in northeastern Zimbabwe. A detailed survey of the 10 land-use plots was conducted, crop records, soil types and management histories were recorded and soil samples were collected in various micro-environments where farmers benefited from their strengths. These small-scale nutrient concentrations stand in stark contrast to the vast, barren soils of the surrounding area, which are highly acclaimed for their ease of use of water and nutrients. Crops and soil management are explained by farmers’ responses to environmental variability. A subjective estimate of the acceptable level of soil fertility by outsiders may not make sense in this environment. In order to increase or maintain productivity, countries and researchers can support farmers in adopting agile measures in the face of uncertainty, rather than forbid them to do so or market to them plans to implement intensive management.