目的观察重症手足口病患儿血浆及脑脊液中神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)水平,并探讨其临床意义。方法选择于2013年1月~12月收治住院的手足口病患儿78例作为研究对象,根据严重程度分为为重症组35例、轻度组43例,测定两组患儿治疗前后血浆及脑脊液神经元特异性烯醇化酶水平,并进行比较分析。结果重症组治疗前血浆、脑脊液NSE水平分别为(24.8±5.1)μg/L、(33.5±6.7)μg/L,均显著高于轻度组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组血浆、脑脊液NSE水平无明显统计学差异(P>0.05)。重症组脑电图异常、MRI异常分别为27例(77.1%)和21例(60.0%),均高于轻度组(P<0.05);治疗后CSF阴转率重症组低于轻度组(P<0.05);住院时间重症组长于轻度组(P<0.05)。结论重症手足口病患儿血浆及脑脊液中神经元特异性烯醇化酶水平较高,测定其水平有助于手足口病病情严重程度评估,具有临床指导价值。 Objective To observe the levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children with severe hand-foot-mouth disease and to explore its clinical significance. Methods 78 children with hand-foot-mouth disease admitted to hospital from January 2013 to December 2013 were selected as the research object. According to the severity, 35 cases were severe group and 43 cases were mild group. The levels of plasma and Cerebrospinal fluid neuron-specific enolase levels, and comparative analysis. Results The levels of NSE in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid before treatment in severe group were (24.8 ± 5.1) μg / L and (33.5 ± 6.7) μg / L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in mild group (P <0.05). After treatment, NSE levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of the two groups showed no significant difference (P> 0.05). 27 cases (77.1%) and 21 cases (60.0%) had abnormal EEG in severe group, respectively, which were higher than those in mild group (P <0.05). After treatment, CSF negative conversion rate was lower in severe group than in mild group (P <0.05). The length of hospital stay was longer in mild group (P <0.05). Conclusion The level of neuron-specific enolase in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of children with severe hand-foot-mouth disease is high. It is of clinical value to evaluate the severity of hand-foot-mouth disease.