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正确测算铁矿石国际市场势力,探究其背后的原因,是中国掌握国际定价权的一个重要问题。本文基于Goldberg&Knetter(1999)的剩余需求弹性模型,以铁矿石国际贸易为研究对象,对巴西、澳大利亚、印度在中国、日本、德国市场上的国际市场势力进行了检验。研究结果表明,澳大利亚铁矿石出口在中国和德国这两个市场具有国际市场势力;巴西铁矿石出口在中国、日本和德国这三个市场具有国际市场势力;印度铁矿石出口在中国和日本这两个市场具有国际市场势力。接着,从市场结构、采购机制、期货市场等方面分析了原因,提出了提高我国铁矿石国际定价权的对策建议。
Correctly calculating the international market forces of iron ore and exploring the reasons behind it is an important issue for China to grasp the international pricing power. Based on the residual demand elasticity model of Goldberg & Knetter (1999), this paper examines the international market of iron ore in Brazil, Australia and India in China, Japan and Germany based on the international trade of iron ore. The results show that Australia’s iron ore exports have international market power in both China and Germany; Brazil’s iron ore exports have international market power in three markets, namely China, Japan and Germany; Indian iron ore exports in China and Japan, these two markets have the power of the international market. Then, the author analyzes the reasons from the aspects of market structure, purchasing mechanism and futures market, and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions on how to improve the international pricing power of iron ore in our country.