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水土流失、人口激增和水资源短缺是制约中国西部固原市农村地区可持续发展的关键因素。为此,中国政府从1999年底开始实行退耕还林工程并于2003年完成第一阶段的计划任务。该工程以生态恢复为首要任务,同时兼顾减轻农村贫困及加快经济发展的目标。本研究旨在评估3种森林管理政策情景对当地可持续发展的潜在贡献和弊端,研究首先应用参与式影响评估框架(FoPIA)设定了3种森林管理政策情景,然后针对各个情景下土地利用的变化,进行了土地利用变化的影响评估。3种情景分别为“生态林”、“经济林(以种植水果为主的复合农林业)”和“生物能源林”。通过与当地利益相关者座谈,界定了与固原市可持续发展相关的9项重要森林功能,包括3项社会功能,即提供就业机会、生活质量、森林可达性;3项经济功能,即木材收入、非木材林产品收入、林业相关产业和服务收入;3项生态功能,即提供生物性资源、提供非生物性资源、生态过程维持。研究进一步通过多学科专家讨论和专家知识,评估了不同情景对森林功能的影响,探索了当地不同可持续发展目标间的权衡关系。结果显示:生态林可以达到生态恢复的首要目标,但是社会功能和经济功能较低;水果经济林对社会经济贡献大但对环境改善作用较小;生物能源林可以同时兼顾社会、经济和环境功能,但是在当地缺乏实践经验。基于专家观点,讨论了各情景的优势、劣势、机会和风险。研究发现,生态林树种选择需要重新考虑,并优先采用本土树种;水果经济林在经营得当情况下能促进社会经济发展;生物能源林在农户或村落尺度上提供清洁能源方面潜力巨大。
Soil and water loss, population explosion and water shortage are the key factors restricting the sustainable development of rural areas in western Guyuan. To this end, the Chinese government started the project of returning farmland to forestry from the end of 1999 and completed the first phase of the planning task in 2003. The project focuses on ecological restoration, taking into account the goals of alleviating rural poverty and accelerating economic development. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential contributions and drawbacks of three forest management policy scenarios to local sustainable development. Firstly, three forest management policy scenarios were set up using the FoPIA framework. Then, for each scenario of land use The changes were carried out to assess the impact of land-use change. The three scenarios are “ecological forest”, “economic forest (mainly to grow fruit-based agroforestry”) and “bio-energy forest”. Through discussions with local stakeholders, 9 key forest functions related to sustainable development in Guyuan were defined, including 3 social functions, namely employment opportunities, quality of life and forest accessibility; 3 economic functions, namely wood Income, income from non-timber forest products, income from forestry-related industries and services; and 3 ecological functions, that is, providing biological resources, providing non-biological resources and maintaining ecological processes. The study further assessed the impact of different scenarios on forest function through multidisciplinary expert discussions and expert knowledge, and explored the trade-off between different SDGs. The results showed that: the ecological forest can achieve the primary goal of ecological restoration, but its social function and economic function are low; the economic forest of fruit contributes a lot to the society and economy but has little effect on the environment; the bio-energy forest can take into consideration the social, economic and environmental functions at the same time, However, there is a lack of practical experience in the area. Based on expert opinion, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and risks of each scenario are discussed. The study found that the selection of ecological forest tree species needs to be reconsidered and the priority is given to native tree species; the economic forest tree can promote social and economic development when managed well; and the bio-energy forest has great potential for providing clean energy at the scale of farmers or villages.