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利用CO2激光对汽车车身拼焊板进行了焊接实验,并对焊缝进行了显微组织分析和机械性能分析。采用Ar气作为焊接保护气体,能获得比采用N2气时更好的深冲性能;侧吹保护气体的方法能有效地控制焊缝中的锌含量。研究了焊接熔深和焊缝宽度随激光功率和焊接速度变化的规律。实验结果表明,在优化的工艺参数下,激光焊接车身拼焊板的焊缝中没有出现气孔、裂纹和热影响区(HAZ)软化等缺陷,拼焊板的深冲性能优良;拼焊板的成形性能取决于两种材料的强度比和厚度比,焊缝易于向高强度镀锌钢板一侧偏移;普通钢板越薄,焊缝的偏移量越大。
CO2 laser was used to weld the car body welding blank. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld were analyzed. The use of Ar gas as the welding shielding gas can achieve better deep drawing performance than that of N2 gas. The side blown gas can effectively control the zinc content in the weld. The law of welding penetration and weld width with laser power and welding speed was studied. The experimental results show that under the optimized process parameters, defects such as air holes, cracks and heat-affected zone (HAZ) softening do not appear in the weld of the tailor welded plate of the laser welding, and the deep drawing performance of the tailor welded plate is excellent. Formability depends on the strength ratio and thickness ratio of the two materials, the weld tends to shift to the side of high-strength galvanized steel; the thinner the ordinary steel, the greater the offset of the weld.