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脓毒症是指由严重感染、创伤、手术、烧伤、休克等引起的全身炎症反应综合征，往往由机体炎症失控或过度炎症反应导致。机体处于该状态，即使原发致病因素减弱或者消除，仍可能伴有持续的炎症反应，甚至可能导致多器官功能不全综合征。目前认为，脓毒症的本质是致病微生物感染机体造成失控的炎症反应与免疫紊乱。改善脓毒症免疫紊乱已成为治疗脓毒症的新方向。深入探讨脓毒症的发病机制及免疫调节措施，可为其预防和治疗开拓更广阔的思路和更合理的方案。“,”Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory reaction caused by severe infection, trauma, operation, burn,shock syndrome,which often is the result of out-of-control inflammation or excessive inflammatory reac-tion.When the body is in the state,even if the primary pathogenic factors are weakened or eliminated,the inflammation may still continue,and may even lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.At present,it′s considered that the essence of sepsis is the inflammation and immune disorder caused by out-of-control micro-bial infection.Improvement of sepsis immune disorder has become a new direction for the treatment of sepsis. Further investigation of the pathogenesis and immune regulation in sepsis may provide new ideas and more advisable strategies for the prevention and treatment.