核医学是研究核素和核射线在医学上的应用及其理论的学科~[1],其特点是将放射性药物引入机体,因此核医学实践过程中放射线的来源主要是各种放射性药物,为非密封源~[2],可经由消化道、呼吸道、皮肤黏膜或伤口进入人体,在体内发射β或γ射线引起内照射。根据中华医学会核医学分会2014年开展的全国核医学普查(数据覆盖了我国大陆30个省、自治区、直辖市)~[3],截至2013年12月31日,我国从事核医学专 Nuclear medicine is the study of the application of radionuclides and nuclear rays in medicine and its theory [1], which is characterized by the introduction of radiopharmaceuticals into the body, so the source of radiation in the practice of nuclear medicine is mainly a variety of radiopharmaceuticals, as Non-sealed source ~ [2], through the digestive tract, respiratory tract, mucocutaneous or wound into the body, in the body emit β or γ-ray caused by internal irradiation. According to the National Nuclear Medicine Census conducted by the Chinese Medical Association Nuclear Medicine Branch in 2014 (data covering 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in mainland China), [3] as of December 31, 2013, China is engaged in nuclear medicine