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原子折射度是光引起的原子内电子的极化率。其实质就是核电荷与电子之间的相对移动性。移动性越大,原子折射度也越大。由于近核处电子的势能远比各外层的电子的势能大得多,它们的这种移动性自然也就比各外层的电子小得多。因此,元素的原子折射度应由外层电子构型、原子体积和有效极化力决定。其关系式是:(n/R+1)~(1/2)=aZ~*/r~2+b(n=n_(s.p)+0.1n_d+0.21nf) 利用上式,计算了周期表中所有元素的原子折射度。对于非金属元素,与实验值、slateret al.量子力学及Eisenlohr et al.所建立的原子折射度系统均很一致。对于金属元素,也与及杨频值相接近。
The degree of atomic refraction is the rate of polarization of electrons in the atom caused by light. Its essence is the relative mobility between nuclear charge and electron. The greater the mobility, the greater the atomic refraction. Since the potential energy of electrons near the nucleus is far greater than the potential energy of the electrons in the outer layers, their mobility is naturally much smaller than that of the outer layers. Therefore, the elemental atomic refraction should be determined by the outer electron configuration, atomic volume and effective polarization. The relationship is: (n / R + 1) ~ (1/2) = aZ ~ * / r ~ 2 + b (n = n_ (sp) + 0.1n_d + 0.21nf) Using the above formula, The atomic refraction of all the elements in For non-metallic elements, it is in good agreement with experimental values, slateret al. Quantum mechanics, and atomic refractive index systems established by Eisenlohr et al. For metal elements, but also with the frequency value and Yang close.