论文部分内容阅读
重质原油、特重质原油和天然沥青三者(简称非常规油)的世界总储量为1760亿吨,约相当于轻质和中质原油(简称常规油)的储量。其中80％位于加拿大、委内瑞拉和前苏联,约等于中东的中、轻质原油储量。虽然目前焦油砂和页岩油的产量仅占世界原油产量的5％,但根据“马尔凯蒂的革新浪潮论”(Innovation—Wave—Theory of Marchetti),预计到本世纪末,常规能源不可避免地将被非常规能源所取代。 在现阶段,非常规油的生产成本仍较高,但科技的发展终究会克服这一问题。预计,到
The world total reserves of heavy crude oil, extra-heavy crude oil and natural bitumen (referred to as unconventional oil) are 176 billion tons, equivalent to the reserves of light and medium crude oil (referred to as conventional oil). 80% of them are located in Canada, Venezuela and the former Soviet Union, about equal to the Middle East, medium and light crude oil reserves. Although tar sands and shale oil currently account for only 5% of the world’s crude oil production, according to the Innovation-Wave-Theory of Marchetti it is expected that by the turn of the century conventional energy will inevitably Will be replaced by unconventional energy. At this stage, the production cost of unconventional oil is still high, but the development of science and technology will eventually overcome this problem. Expected to