作者自１９７６～１９９４年救治胸腹部大手术后ＡＲＤＳ１１例，死亡３例（２７．３％）。提出对胸腹部大手术后病人均应列为ＡＲＯＳ高危病人进行监测，应对其早期诊断，以支持呼吸为中心的综合治疗。当出现不能用原发病解释的呼吸频数，低氧血症（ＰａＯ２＜８ＫＰａ或氧饱和度＜８５％）经高浓度吸氧后不能缓解者即可确诊ＡＲＤＳ。重症病人强调及早使用机械通气。 The authors treated 11 cases of ARDS after thoracic and abdominal surgery from 1976 to 1994, with 3 deaths (27.3%). It is proposed that patients after thoracoabdominal major surgery should be monitored as high-risk patients with AROS, and should be treated with early diagnosis to support respiratory-centered treatment. ARDS can be confirmed when there is respiratory frequency that can not be explained by primary disease, hypoxemia (PaO2 <8KPa or oxygen saturation <85%) can not be relieved after high concentration of oxygen inhalation. Severe patients emphasize the early use of mechanical ventilation.