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于福建省安溪县桃舟乡,选择宿根连作20年茶园进行田间试验。以未施肥(CK)、氮肥(NF)、羊粪(GM)及豆科绿肥(LF)等处理后的茶树根际土壤作为供试土样,分析不同肥料对茶树根际土壤理化特性、微生物代谢活性及其不同类型磷脂脂肪酸含量变化等影响。结果表明:NF、GM和LF均能够提高茶园土壤pH值和有机质(OM)及速效钾(AK)等含量,其pH分别提高0.47%、2.36%和2.13%;OM分别提高17.56%、27.48%和54.96%;AK分别提高56.10%、63.41%和73.17%;碱解氮(AN)和速效磷(AP)在NF处理下分别下降了9.10%和335.00%;在GM处理下分别提高了17.06%和2.11倍;在LF处理下分别提高了16.70%和3.88倍;同时,施肥能提高土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶等活性,且提高效果由高到底依次为LF、GM、NF;酸性磷酸酶活性(ACP)和微生物对磷素利用率(UTP)在NF处理下分别降低70.04%和249.00%;在GM处理下分别提高了24.74%和1.80倍;在LF处理下分别提高34.28%和2.51倍;与此同时,GM和LF还能够提高根际土壤微生物群落丰度以及菌群多样性。综上所述,豆科绿肥和羊粪能够有效改善茶园土壤肥力,促进根际微生物对养分的代谢活性,对提升茶园经济效益和生态效益具有现实意义。
In Anxi County, Fujian Province, peach Zhou, perennial for 20 years tea plantation for field trials. The rhizosphere soils of tea plantations treated with no fertilizer (CK), nitrogen fertilizer (NF), sheep manure (GM) and legume green manure (LF) were used as test soil samples to analyze the effects of different fertilizers on the rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties, Metabolic activity and different types of phospholipid fatty acid content changes. The results showed that: NF, GM and LF all increased the content of soil organic matter (OM) and available potassium (AK) in the tea plantation so as to increase the pH by 0.47%, 2.36% and 2.13%, OM increased by 17.56% and 27.48% And 54.96%, AK increased by 56.10%, 63.41% and 73.17%, respectively. The contents of AN and AP decreased by 9.10% and 335.00%, respectively, and increased by 17.06% And 2.11 times higher than that of LF treatment, respectively, and were increased by 16.70% and 3.88 times respectively under LF treatment. Meanwhile, fertilization could increase activities of soil urease, sucrase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase, and the improvement effect was LF, GM, NF and ACP and UTP decreased by 70.04% and 249.00% under NF treatment, respectively by 24.74% and 1.80 times under GM treatment. Under LF treatment Respectively, increased by 34.28% and 2.51 times, respectively. Meanwhile, GM and LF also increased the abundance of rhizosphere soil microbial community and diversity of flora. In summary, legume green manure and sheep manure can effectively improve the fertility of tea plantation soils and promote the metabolic activity of nutrients by rhizosphere microorganisms, which is of practical significance to enhance the economic and ecological benefits of tea plantation.