目的分析重庆市新发尘肺病发病情况及其特征,为该地区尘肺病防治提供科学依据。方法对重庆市2005-2013年职业病诊断机构确诊的新发尘肺病例进行回顾性分析。结果重庆地区2005-2013年累计报告20 874例新发尘肺病例,发病年龄为23.1~78.4岁,平均(43.8±7.6)岁,实际接尘工龄中位时间为14.2(0.7~48.2)年。2005年发病率最低为1.72/10万,2013年最高为15.07/10万,Ⅲ期尘肺比例逐渐增高。病种以煤工尘肺和矽肺为主,分别占70.1%和29.1%;行业主要集中于煤炭开采和洗选业(占67.2%);主采煤工、凿岩工和主掘进工为高危工种(共占71.1%)。新发病例主要集中在永川、奉节、开县、巫山等地(占40.3%)。结论重庆市新发尘肺病有逐年上升的趋势,应加大职业卫生监督力度,根据不同病种、行业和地区的特点分别采取措施,同时加强重点地区、重点行业和重点人群尘肺病的防治工作。 Objective To analyze the incidence and characteristics of new onset pneumoconiosis in Chongqing and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of pneumoconiosis in this area. Methods Retrospective analysis of newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis cases confirmed by occupational disease diagnosis institutions in Chongqing from 2005 to 2013 was conducted. Results A total of 20 874 newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis cases were reported in Chongqing from 2005 to 2013, with a mean age of (43.8 ± 7.6) years old ranging from 23.1 to 78.4 years. The median length of actual dusting was 14.2 (0.7-48.2) years. The lowest incidence in 2005 was 1.72 / 100000, up to 15.07 / 100,000 in 2013, the proportion of stage Ⅲ pneumoconiosis increased gradually. The main diseases were coal workers’ pneumoconiosis and silicosis, accounting for 70.1% and 29.1% respectively. The industry mainly concentrated in the coal mining and washing industry (67.2%). The main coal miners, rock drillers and main tunneling workers were high-risk workers (71.1% in total). New cases are mainly concentrated in Yongchuan, Fengjie, Kaixian, Wushan and other places (40.3%). Conclusions There is a rising trend of new-onset pneumoconiosis in Chongqing. Occupational health supervision should be stepped up. Measures should be taken according to the characteristics of different diseases, industries and regions. At the same time, efforts should be made to prevent and control pneumoconiosis in key areas, key industries and key populations .