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子宫颈癌是仅次于乳腺癌和结肠癌严重危害女性健康的恶性肿瘤,2008年德国科学家Zur Hausen发现人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)是导致子宫颈癌的重要病因,而获得了诺贝尔医学奖。国内外子宫颈癌病因学研究显示,99.70%的宫颈癌可以检测到高危型的HPV-DNA,持续的HPV(+)/HPV(-)的相比危险比OR高达250。归同危险百分比(ARP)超过80.00%,9.79%HPV阴性者几乎不发生宫颈癌。目前宫颈癌筛查经过多年循证医学实践,有了重大进展和突破。现代宫颈癌筛查方法使经典的细胞学-阴道镜-组织学三阶梯内容日臻完善,第一层细胞学由古老的巴氏涂片法向液基薄层细胞学(TCT)发展,增加了基于宫颈癌病因的HPV的检测;第二层阴道镜检查、诊断,由于宫颈癌前病变分布特征研究及R-way阴道镜诊断系统的适宜技术的发明而提高了其诊断学的准确性;第三层组织病理学诊断加之现代分子学检测技术使宫颈病变诊断的鉴别、确认风险判断与预后更具临床价值。
Cervical cancer is the second only to breast cancer and colon cancer, a serious harm to women’s health malignant tumor. In 2008, German scientist Zur Hausen found that human papillomavirus (HPV) is an important cause of cervical cancer, and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine prize. Etiology of cervical cancer at home and abroad shows that 99.70% of cervical cancer can detect high-risk HPV-DNA, persistent HPV (+) / HPV (-) compared with the risk of up to 250 OR. With the same risk percentage (ARP) more than 80.00%, 9.79% of HPV-negative cervical almost does not occur. Cervical cancer screening after many years of evidence-based medicine practice, with major advances and breakthroughs. Modern methods of cervical cancer screening improve the classical cytology-colposcopy-histology three-step process, with the first cytology being developed by the ancient Pap smear-directed liquid-based thin-layer cytology (TCT) Based on the etiology of cervical cancer detection of HPV; the second layer of colposcopy, diagnosis, due to the distribution of cervical precancerous lesions and R-way colposcopy diagnostic system suitable technology invention to improve the diagnostic accuracy; Three-tier histopathological diagnosis combined with modern molecular detection technology to make the diagnosis of cervical lesions identified to confirm the risk judgments and prognosis more clinical value.