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【目的】了解西安地区儿童哮喘患儿家长对哮喘认知水平和行为现状,采取有针对性的行为干预措施,并分析其效果,为哮喘规范治疗和管理提供依据。【方法】采用问卷形式进行调查,选取本院儿童哮喘门诊就诊且哮喘规范化治疗超过6个月的哮喘患儿。【结果】118例问卷显示:1)患儿一般情况:患儿首次喘息发病年龄平均为(5.1±3.7)岁,首次喘息发作距确诊哮喘时间为(2.3±1.6)年;患儿中有50.8%合并过敏性鼻炎、50.6%有湿疹、28.8%有哮喘家族史;2)哮喘患儿家长行为:56.6%知道在哮喘急性发作时应该吸入速效β2受体激动剂治疗,96.6%在哮喘没有症状时会坚持用药。在选择哮喘长期治疗药物种类时,有51.7%选择吸入激素与长效β2受体激动剂联合制剂、39.6%单独吸入激素、20.6%口服白三烯拮抗剂、13.7%使用抗过敏药物。家长不愿意给患儿使用长期控制哮喘药物原因,60.3%是担心对生长发育产生影响、22.4%是担心对药物产生依赖;3)给予哮喘知识和行为低于平均得分的46例进行干预,干预后家长哮喘知识、态度和行为得分明显提高(P>0.01)。【结论】今后应做好哮喘患儿及家长的管理和宣教工作,提高家长的哮喘知识,改善其态度和行为水平,促进患儿的干预效果。
【Objective】 To understand the cognition and behavior status of asthmatic children in children with asthma in Xi’an area and to take targeted behavioral interventions and to analyze their effects so as to provide the basis for standardized treatment and management of asthma. 【Methods】 The survey was conducted in the form of a questionnaire. Children with asthma who were treated for asthma clinics in our hospital for asthma treatment for more than 6 months were selected. 【Results】 The results of 118 questionnaires showed: 1) The general condition of children: the average age of the first wheezing onset was (5.1 ± 3.7) years old, and the wheezy episode of asthma was (2.3 ± 1.6) years old; 50.8 % Had allergic rhinitis, 50.6% had eczema and 28.8% had a family history of asthma; 2) Parental behavior in children with asthma: 56.6% knew that inhaled fast-acting β2-agonist should be inhaled during an acute asthma attack and 96.6% had no symptoms in asthma Will insist on medication. In the long-term treatment of asthma, 51.7% chose combination of inhaled hormones with long-acting beta 2 agonists, 39.6% inhaled corticosteroids, 20.6% oral leukotriene antagonists and 13.7% anti-allergy medication. Parents are reluctant to give children long-term control of asthma drugs, 60.3% are worried about the growth and development, 22.4% are worried about drug dependence; 3) Asthma knowledge and behavior were lower than the average score of 46 cases of intervention, intervention After the parents of asthma knowledge, attitude and behavior scores increased significantly (P> 0.01). 【Conclusion】 In the future, the management and mission of asthma children and their parents should be well done, parents’ knowledge of asthma should be improved, their attitude and behavior should be improved, and the intervention effect of children should be promoted.