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金属锂具有燃烧温度高、速度快、火焰宽、发热量大等特点,广泛用于军事及电子等领域。职业性锂及其化合物的健康影响主要以局部刺激作用为主,其次为经呼吸道进入人体后引起的神经系统、肾脏、甲状腺等慢性损伤,最终导致慢性锂中毒。职业性接触锂人群的健康损害逐渐引起人们的关注。但是,目前我国尚未建立职业性锂及其化合物健康损伤诊断标准,难以实现职业性锂接触人员的健康监护。本文就锂及其化合物的健康损伤效应研究情况进行综述,以期为制定该标准提供理论依据。
Lithium metal has high combustion temperature, high speed, wide flame, heat and other characteristics, widely used in military and electronics and other fields. The health effects of occupational lithium and its compounds are mainly local stimuli, followed by chronic damage to the nervous system, kidney and thyroid caused by the respiratory tract into the human body, which eventually leads to chronic lithium poisoning. Occupational exposure to lithium health damage has gradually attracted people’s attention. However, at present, our country has not established the diagnostic criteria of occupational lithium and its compounds for health damage, and it is difficult to achieve the health monitoring of occupational lithium exposure workers. This review summarizes the studies on the health effects of lithium and its compounds in order to provide a theoretical basis for the development of this standard.