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多巴脱羧酶(dopa decarboxylase,DDC)又称作芳香族L-氨基酸脱羧酶,是儿茶酚胺生物合成途径中重要的酶之一,具有多种生物学功能。多巴脱羧酶可分别催化L-3,4-二羟基苯丙氨酸(L-多巴)和L-5-羟色氨酸合成两种神经递质多巴胺和五羟色胺。多巴胺和五羟色胺在脊椎动物和无脊椎动物的生殖、发育、行为和免疫应答过程中均具有重要作用。此外,它还与多种神经类疾病和社会行为有关。多巴脱羧酶一般以二聚体的形式存在于哺乳类和昆虫的多种神经和非神经组织中。本文从多巴脱羧酶的结构、催化机制、与神经类疾病及其攻击性社会行为的关联性研究进展等方面进行了综述。
Dopamine decarboxylase (DDC), also known as aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, is one of the important enzymes in catecholamine biosynthesis pathway and has many biological functions. DOPA can catalyze the synthesis of two neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin, respectively, by L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) and L-5-hydroxytryptophan. Dopamine and serotonin play an important role in the reproductive, developmental, behavioral and immune responses of vertebrates and invertebrates. In addition, it is also related to a variety of neurological diseases and social behaviors. Dopa decarboxylase is generally present as a dimer in various neuronal and non-neural tissues in mammals and insects. This review summarizes the structure, catalytic mechanism of dopa decarboxylase, the research progress on the relationship between neurodermatosis and aggressive social behavior.